ﻟﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻧﺼﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ ؟
ﻧﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻻﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻓﻴﺴﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻢ / ﻳﻮﺭﺷﻴﻨﻮﺭﻱ
" ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﻳﺼﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻤﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻉ "..
ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺟﺎﺋﺰﺓ " ﻧﻮﺑﻞ " ﻟﻌﺎﻡ 2016 ﻟﻠﻔﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ
ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻢ " ﻳﻮﺭﺷﻴﻨﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻭﻫﺴﻮﻣﻲ "
ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ..
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ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺠﻮﻉ ﺟﺴﺪ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ
ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻭﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺎﻳﻤﺮ
ﻭﻳﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﺤﺎﺭﺏ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻋﻦ
ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ
ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺗﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﻲ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺘﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ
ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ .. ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ..recycling"
ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ " autophagy " ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻏﻴﺮ
ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﺠﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻣﺘﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ
ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ 8 ﺇﻟﻰ 16 ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ
ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﻳﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺘﻜﺮﺭ
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺸﻂ ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍ
ﻭﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ ﻻﺣﻈﻮﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ
ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﺃﺳﻤﻮﻫﺎ "autophagisomes" ﺗﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ
ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺦ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺴﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺷﺒﻪ ﺑﻤﻜﺎﻧﺲ ﻋﻤﻼﻗﺔ ﺗﺘﻐﺬﻯ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ .. ﻭﻧﺼﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺎﻳﺴﻤﻰ
ﺏ "starvation" ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻄﺶ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ
ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻋﻴﺎً ﻣﻦ ٨ ﺇﻟﻰ ١٦ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ